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The escalating U.S.–Israeli war with Iran and Tehran's retaliation against Gulf neighbours have severely disrupted Middle Eastern energy infrastructure and global oil and gas flows. Israeli strikes on Iran's South Pars gas field and the Asaluyeh processing hub on March 18 triggered a wave of retaliatory attacks across the Gulf that hit refineries, gas plants and export terminals in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain.
Multiple key facilities have been damaged or shut. Drone and missile attacks struck refineries and LNG plants in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar, while missile debris forced the shutdown of the UAE's massive Habshan gas complex and repeated attacks targeted its Fujairah export terminal.
The sites now under threat collectively account for a significant portion of global reserves, underscoring the scale of the shock to energy markets and consumers.